• Other laws/regulations related to providing MOUD:

    In compiling the information contained in the state charts, LAPPA noticed that some states have express provisions governing the way in which healthcare providers who are not part of OTPs must provide MOUD (Note: Federal regulations have express requirements for MOUD provided via OTP that may be duplicated, or augmented, by state laws/regulations. This report does not address the requirements for MOUD provided via OTP.) These provisions include, but are not limited to, training/educational requirements for the practitioners providing buprenorphine, information that must be shared to patients, dosage limits, and counseling requirements. These requirements may apply to healthcare providers such as physicians, advance practice registered nurses (APRNs), or physician assistants. Moreover, a few states have laws or regulations aimed at office based opioid treatment (OBOT), which is a type of outpatient SUD treatment that uses MOUD. Although these state provisions may not expressly apply to pharmacists currently, should pharmacy-based buprenorphine induction and maintenance services become available in a state, state policymakers may require pharmacists to adhere to the same provisions. Accordingly, in the answers this question, LAPPA identifies potentially relevant provisions for which pharmacists and policymakers may need to be aware.

    • LAPPA found relevant information in 33 states and the District of Columbia; Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.

    • In the other 17 states and Puerto Rico, the responses are blank; Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, South Dakota, and Wyoming.

    In the responses, LAPPA does not include state requirements placed on healthcare providers when prescribing of controlled substances for pain or any general education or training such providers must obtain about substance use disorder (SUD) in order to obtain licensure. Rather, the responses focus only on provision related to how treatment using MOUD is provided outside of OTPs.

    More details about each state’s laws and regulations can be found in the individual state pages.